Counter track joint with track turning point

ABSTRACT

A constant velocity joint  11  in the form of a counter track joint with the following characteristics:  
     an outer joint part  12  which comprises a first longitudinal axis A 12  and an attaching end and an aperture end which are axially opposed relative to one another, and which joint  11  further comprises first outer call tracks  18  and second outer ball tracks  20;    
     an inner joint part  15  which comprises a second longitudinal axis A 22  and attaching means for a shaft  22  pointing to the aperture end of the outer joint part  12,  and which further comprises first inner ball tracks  19  and second inner ball tracks  21;    
     the first outer ball tracks  18  and the first inner ball tracks  19  form first pairs of tracks;  
     the second outer ball tracks 20 and the second inner ball tracks  21  form second pairs of tracks with one another and the pairs of tracks each accommodate a torque transmitting ball  17   1   , 17   2 ;  
     a ball cage  16  is positioned between the outer joint part  12  and the inner joint part  15  and comprises circumferentially distributed cage windows  24   1   , 24   2  which each accommodate at least one of the balls  17   1   , 17   2 ;  
     when the joint is in the aligned condition, the aperture angle δ 1  of the first pairs of tracks opens in the central joint plane E from the aperture end to the attaching end of the outer joint part  12;    
     when the joint is in the aligned condition, the aperture angle δ 2  of the second pairs of tracks opens in the central joint plane E from the attaching end to the aperture end of the outer joint part  12,    
     wherein the central track lines L 18 , L 19  of the first pairs of tracks each have a turning point T 1-2  and that the centre angle (β) at the turning point T 1-2 , with reference to the central joint plane E is greater than 4°.

The invention relates to a constant velocity joint in the form of a counter track joint with the following characteristics:

an outer joint part which comprises a first longitudinal axis and an attaching end and an aperture end which are axially opposed relative to one another, and which outer joint part further comprises first outer ball tracks and second outer ball tracks;

an inner joint part which comprises a second longitudinal axis and attaching means for a shaft pointing to the aperture end of the outer joint part, and which inner joint part further comprises first inner ball tracks and second inner ball tracks;

the first outer ball tracks and the first inner ball tracks form first pairs of tracks with one another;

the second outer ball tracks and the second inner ball tracks form second pairs of tracks with one another;

the pairs of tracks each accommodate a torque transmitting ball;

a ball cage is positioned between the outer joint part and the inner joint part and comprises circumferentially distributed cage windows which each accommodate at least one of the balls;

when the joint is in the aligned condition, the aperture angle of the first pairs of tracks opens in the central joint plane from the aperture end to the attaching end of the outer joint part;

when the joint is in the aligned condition, the aperture angle of the second pairs of tracks opens in the central joint plane from the attaching end to the aperture end of the outer joint part.

In principle, counter track joints of the above-mentioned type are known from DE 102 20 711 A1 showing joints with 6 balls and with 8 balls. The type of ball tracks described here corresponds to the type known in itself from Rzeppa joints (RF joints) and undercut-free joints (UF joints). This means that the centre lines of the ball tracks consist of uniform radii (RF joints) and, respectively, are composed of radii and adjoining axis-parallel straight lines (UF joints). In the counter track joints described, the axial opening direction of the pairs of tracks alternates around the circumference, which leads to the type of counter track joint. Counter track joints of this type are disadvantageous in that the angle of articulation is limited to approximately 45 degrees because when this angle of articulation is exceeded, the first ball in the joint articulation plane leaves the first pairs of track.

From DE 103 37 612 A1 there are known counter track joints wherein the track centre lines of the first pairs of tracks whose opening angle—when the joint is in the aligned condition—points towards the joint base, are designed in such a way that, when the joint is articulated, the opening angle, from a certain angle of articulation onwards, experiences a reversal of its direction of opening. More particularly, this is achieved in that the centre lines of the ball tracks of the first pairs of tracks are S-shaped and thus each comprise a turning point.

DE 100 60 220 A1, inter alia, describes counter track joints wherein the centre lines of the first outer ball tracks comprise a turning point near the joint aperture, so that the centre lines of the first outer ball tracks are S-shaped. Because of the requirement of symmetry, the same applies to the centre lines of the first inner ball tracks of the inner joint part. The angle of articulation of said counter track joints can be increased in this way.

As far as joints of the two latter types are concerned, the basic principle of counter track joints, i.e. alternately opposed directions of the track opening angles and thus alternately opposed directions of the axial forces of balls acting on the ball cage only applies until a ball has reached the turning point from the inwardly curved track region to the outwardly curved track region. When the angle of articulation at which the ball occupies said second track region of the respective S-shaped tracks has been reached, the track opening angles are no longer, in their entirety, alternately directed around the circumference and the axial forces applied by the balls to the ball cage are no longer axially balanced. The counter track principle thus no longer applies and the ball cage has to axially support itself at the outer joint part and/or on the ball hub. Because of the increased internal friction between the ball cage and the outer joint part and inner joint part respectively, this can lead to a reduced service life.

Based on this, it is the object of the present intention, starting from the state of the art mentioned initially, to develop a fixed joint of the counter trace type, which can achieve increased angles of articulation and features an increased service life.

The solution consists in providing a joint with the following characteristics:

an outer joint part which comprises a first longitudinal axis and an attaching end and an aperture end which are axially opposed relative to one another, and which outer joint part further comprises first outer ball tracks and second outer ball tracks;

an inner joint part which comprises a second longitudinal axis and attaching means for a shaft pointing to the aperture end of the outer joint part, and which inner joint part further comprises first inner ball tracks and second inner ball tracks;

the first outer ball tracks and the first inner ball tracks form first pairs of tracks with one another;

the second outer ball tracks and the second inner ball tracks form second pairs of tracks with one another; the pairs of tracks each accommodate a torque transmitting ball;

a ball cage is positioned between the outer joint part and the inner joint part and comprises circumferentially distributed cage windows which each accommodate at least one of the balls;

when the joint is in the aligned condition, the aperture angle of the first pairs of tracks opens in the central joint plane from the aperture end to the attaching end of the outer joint part;

when the joint is in the aligned condition, the aperture angle of the second pairs of tracks opens in the central joint plane from the attaching end to the aperture end of the outer joint part,

characterised in that the central track lines of the first pairs of tracks each have a turning point T₁₋₂ and that the centre angle β at the turning point, with reference to the central joint plane, is greater than 4°. In this way it is ensured that, within the service life range of operation, the joint operates as a counter track joint. The service life range of operation refers to joint operation within the service life angle at which the design service life of the joint is reached under changing load conditions without the joint suffering any damage.

This means that within the so-called service life range, the principle of the counter track joint always applies, so that the service life is prolonged. The service life range is defined by the service life angle β_(L). If operated within this angle of articulation, the joint, by definition, reaches the design service life. At the same time, however, a further joint articulation is possible so that greater angles of articulation can be achieved. In accordance with the invention, the transition to the second range is defined in such a way that it is located outside the track region which is passed by the balls in the service life range in the ball tracks. Below, preferred embodiments will be described for the position of said turning point. It has to be explained here how the term “turning point” is used: on the one hand, in the mathematically applicable sense of a transition from a curvature into a counter-curvature and on the other hand, in a mathematically inaccurate sense for the transition from a curvature into a straight line tangentially adjoining the curvature. Both interpretations apply to the term “turning point” used here. It would also be possible to use the term “tangent point”.

According to a first preferred embodiment, it is proposed that that the centre angle β at the turning point P₁₋₂, with reference to the central joint plane E, is greater than 5°. According to a further embodiment, it is propose that the centre angle β at the turning point P₁₋₂, with reference to the central joint plane E, is smaller than 12°.

Furthermore, it is proposed that a tangent T₁₋₂ at the central track line of the first pairs of tracks in the turning point P₁₋₂ forms a turning point angle α, with the respective longitudinal axis and, respectively, that a perpendicular line on said tangent T₁₋₂ forms a turning point angle α with the central joint plane (E), which turning point angle is defined by $\alpha \geq {\beta + {\arcsin\left\lbrack {\frac{O_{2}}{R_{2}} \cdot {\sin\left( {\beta + {90{^\circ}}} \right)}} \right\rbrack}}$ wherein O₂ is the axial distance between the point of intersection of a perpendicular line on the tangent T₁₋₂ and the respective longitudinal axis A and wherein R2 is the distance between said point of intersection and the turning point P₁₋₂.

According to a further first special embodiment it is proposed that the turning point angle α is defined by $\alpha \geq {\beta + {\arcsin\left\lbrack {\frac{O_{2} + {a \cdot {\tan(\beta)}}}{R_{2}} \cdot {\sin\left( {\beta + {90{^\circ}}} \right)}} \right\rbrack}}$ if the respective track centre lines in the central joint plane E and up to the turning point P₁₋₂ comprise a radius R₂ whose centre M₂ comprises an axial distance O₂ from the central joint plane E and a radial distance a from the respective longitudinal axis in the direction towards the turning point P₁₋₂.

An alternative special embodiment consists in that the turning point angle α is defined by $\alpha \geq {\beta + {\arcsin\left\lbrack {\frac{O_{2} - {b \cdot {\tan(\beta)}}}{R_{2}} \cdot {\sin\left( {\beta + {90{^\circ}}} \right)}} \right\rbrack}}$ if the respective track centre line in the central joint plane E and up to the turning point P₁₋₂ comprise a radius R₂ whose centre M₂ comprises an axial distance O₂ from the central joint plane E and a radial distance b from the respective longitudinal axis A in the direction away from the turning point P₁₋₂.

An inventive counter track joint with 8 balls for an angle of articulation of 47-52° is optimised if the following relationships are observed between individual measured parameters: 1/5<PCDB/R1<1.9 1.8<PCDB/R2<2.2 2.3<PCDB/R3<2.7 2.1<PCDB/R4<2.5 1.8<PCDB/R5<2.2 12<PCDB/O2<16 12<PCDB/O5<16 0.6<PCDB/OD<0.8 2.1<PCDB/L<2.5 3.4<PCDB/DB<4.0 2.1<PCDB/DS<2.5 0.75<PCDB/DCA<1.05 0.85<PCDB/DCI<1.15 7.5<PCDB/W<11.5 2.8<PCDB/L1<3.4 2.6<PCDB/L2<3.2

In said relationships, the parameters used have the following meaning:

-   PCDB: pitch circle diameter of balls -   R1: outer part ball track radius 1 (first ball tracks) -   R2: outer part ball track radius 2 (first ball tracks) -   R3: outer part ball track radius 3 (first ball tracks) -   R4: outer part ball track radius 4 (second ball tracks) -   R5: outer part ball track radius 5 (second ball tracks) -   O2: outer part ball track offset for track with opening angle     towards attaching end -   O5: outer part ball track offset for track with opening angle     towards aperture end -   OD: outer diameter outer part -   L: length inner part -   DB: ball diameter -   PCDS: pitch circle diameter of splines -   DCA cage outer diameter -   DCI: cage inner diameter -   W: cage web width -   L1: cage window length 1 -   L2: cage window length 2.

Preferred Embodiments of the Invention are Illustrated in the Drawings and Will be Described Below:

FIG. 1 shows an inventive counter track joint with 6 balls in a first embodiment

-   -   a) in a complete view in a longitudinal section     -   b) with its outer joint part in the form of a detail in a         longitudinal section.

FIG. 2 shows a counter track joint with 6 bails according to FIG. 1

-   -   a) in a longitudinal section with dimensional specifications     -   b) in a longitudinal section with further dimensional         specifications     -   c) the ball cage as a detail in a developed view.

FIG. 3 shows a counter track joint with 8 balls similar to that shown in FIGS. 1 and 2

-   -   a) with dimensions in a longitudinal section     -   b) in an angled position with further dimensional specifications     -   c) the ball cage as a detail in a developed view.

FIG. 4 shows an inventive joint with 6 balls in a second embodiment

-   -   a) in a complete view in a longitudinal section     -   b) the outer joint part as a detail in a longitudinal section     -   c) the inner joint part as a detail in a longitudinal section.

FIG. 5 shows the outer joint part of an inventive joint according to FIG. 4 with further dimensional specifications in a longitudinal section.

FIG. 6 shows the inventive joint according to FIGS. 4 and 5 with further dimensional specifications

-   -   a) in a longitudinal section through the outer joint part     -   b) in a cross-section through the ball tracks     -   c) an evaluation table.

FIG. 7 shows the outer joint part of an inventive joint in a further embodiment in a longitudinal section with dimensional specifications.

FIG. 8 shows the outer joint part of an inventive joint in a further embodiment in a longitudinal section with dimensional specifications.

FIG. 9 shows an inventive 6-ball counter track joint with a definition or the counter tracks

-   -   a) in an axial view     -   b) in a longitudinal section.

FIG. 10 shows an inventive 6-ball counter track joint with a definition of the counter tracks

-   -   a) in an axial view     -   b) in a longitudinal section.

FIG. 11 shows an inventive 6-ball counter track joint with a definition of the counter tracks

-   -   a) in an axial view     -   b) in a longitudinal section

FIG. 12 shows an inventive 6-ball counter track joint with a definition of the tracks

-   -   a) in an axial view     -   b) in a longitudinal section through the joint (RF track).

FIG. 13 shows an inventive 8-ball counter track joint with a definition of the counter tracks

-   -   a) in an axial view     -   b) in a first longitudinal section     -   c) in a second longitudinal section

FIG. 14 shows an inventive 8-ball counter track joint

-   -   a) in an axial view     -   b) in a first longitudinal section     -   c) in a second longitudinal section

FIG. 15 shows an inventive 8-ball counter track joint

-   -   a) in an axial view     -   b) in a first longitudinal section     -   c) in a second longitudinal section

FIG. 16 shows an inventive 8-ball counter track joint

-   -   a) in an axial view     -   b) in a first longitudinal section     -   c) in a second longitudinal section.

FIG. 17 shows an inventive 6-ball counter track joint with a definition of the tracks and with further details

-   -   a) the outer joint part in a longitudinal section     -   b) an outer track in a longitudinal section     -   c) the inner joint part in a longitudinal section     -   d) an inner track in a longitudinal section     -   e) an evaluation table.

FIG. 18 shows an inventive 8-ball counter track joint similar to that shown in FIG. 13, with a definition of individual parameters

-   -   a) in an axial view     -   b) in a first longitudinal section     -   c) in a second longitudinal section     -   d) in a cross-section through the ball cage.

FIG. 19 shows an inventive 8-ball counter track joint similar to that shown in FIG. 13 with a definition of the tracks

-   -   a) in an axial view     -   b) in a longitudinal section through the outer joint part     -   c) in a longitudinal section through the ball cage.

FIG. 20 shows an inventive driveshaft as incorporated into a motor vehicle in a partial longitudinal section.

The two illustrations of FIG. 1 will be described jointly below. An inventive constant velocity joint 11 comprises an outer joint part 12 with an aperture 25 with a closed base 13 and an integrally attached journal 14. Furthermore, the joint comprises an inner joint part 15, a ball cage 16 as well as torque transmitting balls 17. First outer ball tracks 18 and first inner ball tracks 19 accommodate balls 17 ₁ and form first pairs of tracks with one another. Second outer ball tracks 20 and second inner ball tracks 21 form second pairs of tracks which receive second balls 17 ₂. The two types of pairs of tracks are alternately arranged around the circumference. Tangents at the balls in the points of contact with the first pairs of tracks which are shown in the drawing, together, form an opening angle δ₁ which opens in the direction towards the base 13. Tangents at the second balls 17 ₂ in the points of contact with the second pairs of tracks, together, from an opening angle δ₂ which opens towards the aperture 21 of the outer joint part. When the joint is in the aligned condition and subjected to torque, said opening angles generate axial forces referred to as F₁ and F₂ and apply those to the balls and thus to the ball cage 16. A central joint plane E which receives the centres of the balls intersects the longitudinal axis of the joint in a joint centre M, which longitudinal axis of the joint is defined by the longitudinal axis A₁₂ of the outer joint part and by the longitudinal axis A₂₂ of the inner joint part. With reference to the centre lines L₁₈ of the ball tracks 18 in the outer joint part 12, the tracks 18 in the central plane comprise a radius R₂ whose centre is offset by an axial offset O₂ on the axis A relative to the joint centre M, whereas the tracks 20 comprise an identically sized radius R₅ whose centre is offset by an offset O₅ in the opposite direction relative to the joint centre M.

In FIG. 2, any details identical to those shown in FIG. 1 have been given the same reference numbers. In illustration a), a shaft 22 is inserted into the inner joint part 15. In addition to the longitudinal axis A₁₂ of the outer joint part, there is shown the longitudinal axis A₂₂ of the inner joint part which, in the same way, corresponds to the longitudinal axis of the inner joint part 15. With reference to the longitudinal axis A₂₂, service life angles 2β are given on both sides; they indicate the maximum angle of articulation at which the joint can be operated without suffering any damage in the service life test. The service life test is meant to refer to a load spectrum which corresponds to the practical use of a joint in the course of the design service life. When the shaft 22 is articulated relative to the outer joint part 12 at the angle 2β on both sides each, the balls 17 ₁ in the inventive ball tracks 18, 19 carry out movements along the track centre line, which movements are defined by the angle β on both sides each from the central joint plane E, wherein the legs of the angle are formed by the central joint plane E and by rays through the ball centre. Illustration c) shows the ball cage 16 in a developed view with three circumferentially distributed cage windows 23, 24. Balls 17 ₁, held in first pairs of tracks apply an axial force F₁ to the ball cage and balls 17 ₂ held in second pairs of tracks apply an axial force F₂ to the ball cage. Because of the alternating arrangement of first and second pairs of tracks, even when transmitting torque across via the joint, is axially balanced.

In illustration a) of FIG. 3, with reference to the longitudinal A₂₂ of the shaft 22, there is shown on both sides each—in addition to the service life angle 2β—the maximum articulation angle β_(max). Accordingly, with reference to the position of the ball centre relative to the outer joint part, there are Again shown half the service life angles β as well half the maximum articulation angles β_(max/2) on both sides, starting from the central plane E. The ball positions in the outer joint part at the maximum articulation angle β_(max) are shown in dashed lines.

Illustration b) shows the maximum articulation angle at the joint in a direction in which the balls 17 ₁ move in the inventive pairs of tracks 18, 19 towards the aperture 21 of the outer joint part 12. Because of the S-shaped course followed by the inventive ball tracks 18, 19, the opening angle δ₁ between the tangents at the balls 17 ₁ in the first pairs of tracks has reversed its direction and also opens towards the aperture end 21 of the outer joint part 12, whereas the second pairs of tracks with tracks 20, 21 of the Rzeppa joint type form an opening angle δ₂ whose size, admittedly, changes, but which, as in the aligned joint position according to FIG. 2, continues to open towards the aperture end 21 of the outer joint part 12. The directions of the forces F₁, F₂ acting on the balls in the sectional plane correspond to the opening angles δ₁, δ₂. As can be seen in illustration d), all the ball forces, in respect of their effect, correspond to one another as regards their direction, even if not in respect of size, so that a counter force F_(G) for against the sum of the ball forces acting on the cage has to be applied by the outer joint part to the cage. In accordance with the invention, such a counter force F_(G) occurs only if the service life angle 2β is exceeded, while inside the service life angle 2β the cage remains axially balanced.

FIG. 4, in greater detail, shows a possible course which can be taken by the track centre lines L₁₈, L₁₉ of the outer joint part and of the inner joint part for the inventive ball tracks 18, 19 according to a first embodiment. The inventive ball tracks whose course is represented by track centre lines L₁₈, L₁₉ are S-shaped, and the figure also shows the position of the turning point T₁₋₂ which, starting from a radius R₂ (outer joint part) and, respectively, R_(2′) (inner joint part) is laid around an offset point O₂ and O₂ respectively, is positioned at an angle α relative to a radial plane, i.e. a plane extending parallel to the central joint plane E. Beyond the turning point T₁₋₂, the track centre line continues in a radius R₁ (outer joint part), and respectively, R_(1′) itself. In accordance with the invention, the turning point T₁₋₂ as well as the turning point T_(1-2′) are positioned outside the angle sector of the angle β_(L/2) as viewed on each side of the central joint plane E. As the reversal of the direction of the angle δ₁, upon the turning point T₁₋₂ being exceeded, takes place in the first pairs of tracks, the requirement as specified here ensures that, in the service life range (articulation of A₂₂ relative to A₁₂<=2β on both sides each) no axial forces occur at the cage, but that the cage is kept free from axial forces in the outer joint part.

Whereas the service life angle 2β is a centre angle with reference to the joint centre M—i.e. it starts from the longitudinal axis A₁₂ and the central plane E respectively and, in this way, describes the position of a ball on the track centre line L₁₈, L₁₉—the centre of the angle α at the tangent at the track centre line in the turning point T₁₋₂ features an offset O₂ and O_(2′) respectively relative to the joint centre M.

FIG. 5 shows the relationship between the service life angle β with reference to the travel of the ball along the track centre line L₁₈ in the outer joint part relative to the turning point angle α, with the $\alpha \geq {\beta + {\arcsin\left\lbrack {\frac{O_{2}}{R_{2}} \cdot {\sin\left( {\beta + {90{^\circ}}} \right)}} \right\rbrack}}$ being applicable.

FIG. 6, with reference to an outer joint part 12 according to FIG. 5, shows the influence of the turning point angle α on the track enveloping angle ε in the outer joint part. The track enveloping angle ε is defined as the angle between a radial plane R and a ray through the ball centre and, respectively, the track centre line L₁₈ at a track edge. When the track enveloping angle ε becomes small, there occur disadvantageous edge loads in the tracks 18, which edge loads can lead to damage. The torque transmitting capacity is thus limited. Up to a turning point angle α of 16° the track enveloping angle ε is still sufficiently large.

FIG. 7 shows the relationship between the service life angle with reference to the travel of the ball in the track (β) and the turning point angle α for a second possible embodiment of an inventive outer joint part. In the region around the central joint plane E, the centre line L₁₈ of the ball track 18 comprises a smaller radius R₂ with a centre M₂ which, relative to the joint centre M, is offset by an axial offset O₂ and by a radial offset a. The tangent at the turning point T₁₋₂ is defined via said angle. From the turning point, the track centre line continues with a radius R₁ around a centre M₁ which is determined by the value of R₁ and by the value of the angle α. Between the service life angle β entered around the joint centre M and the turning point angle α, there applies the equation $\alpha \geq {\beta + {\arcsin\left\lbrack {\frac{O_{2} + {a \cdot {\tan(\beta)}}}{R_{2}} \cdot {\sin\left( {\beta + {90{^\circ}}} \right)}} \right\rbrack}}$

FIG. 8 shows the relationship between the service life angle with reference to the travel of the ball in the track (β) and the turning point angle α for a second possible embodiment of an inventive outer joint part. In the region around the central joint plane E, the centre line L₁₈ of the ball track 18 comprises a smaller radius R₂ with a centre M₂ which, relative to the joint centre M, is offset by an axial offset O₂ and by a radial offset b. The tangent at the turning point T₁₋₂ is defined via said angle. From the turning point, the track centre line continues with a radius R₁ around a centre M₁ which is determined by the value of R₁ and by the value of the angle α. Between the service life angle β entered around the joint centre M and the turning point angle α, there applies the equation $\alpha \geq {\beta + {\arcsin\left\lbrack {\frac{O_{2} - {b \cdot {\tan(\beta)}}}{R_{2}} \cdot {\sin\left( {\beta + {90{^\circ}}} \right)}} \right\rbrack}}$

FIG. 9 shows an inventive 6-ball joint wherein the centre lines L₁₈ of the outer ball tracks 18 are composed of three radii R₁, R₂, R₃, with the radii R₁, R₂ adjoining one another via a turning point, whereas the centre lines L₂₀ of the second outer ball tracks 20 are defined by a radius R₅ with an adjoining axis-parallel straight line.

FIG. 10 shows an inventive 6-ball joint wherein the centre lines L₁₈ of the outer ball tracks 18 are composed of three radii R₁, R₂, R₃, with the radii R₁, R₂ adjoining one another via a turning point, whereas the centre lines L₂₀ of the second outer ball tracks 20 are defined by two radii R₄, R₅ which adjoin one another via a turning point.

FIG. 11 shows an inventive 6-ball joint wherein the centre lines L₁₈ of the outer ball tracks 18 are composed of three radii. R₁, R₂, R₃, with the radii R₁, R₂ adjoining one another via a turning point, whereas the centre lines L₂₀ of the second outer ball tracks 20 are defined by a radius R₅. The second tracks are thus of the same type as the tracks of RF joints.

FIG. 12 shows an inventive 6-ball joint wherein the centre lines L₁₈, of the outer ball tracks 18 are composed of two radii R₂, R₃ and a straight line tangentially adjoining the radius R₂ in the direction towards the aperture, whereas the centre lines L₂₀ of the second outer ball tracks 20 are defined by a radius R₅.

FIG. 13 shows an inventive 8-ball joint wherein the centre lines L₁₈ is of the outer ball tracks 18 are composed of three radii R₁, R₂, R₃, wherein the radii R₁, R₂ adjoin one another via a turning point, whereas the centre lines L₂₀ of the second outer ball tracks 20 are defined by a radius R₅ with an adjoining axis-parallel straight line.

FIG. 14 shows an inventive 8-ball joint wherein the centre lines L₁₈ of the outer ball tracks 18 are composed of three radii R₁, R₂, R₃, wherein the radii R₁, R₂ adjoin one another via a turning point, whereas the centre lines L₂₀ of the second outer ball tracks 20 are defined by two radii R₄, R₅ which adjoin one another via a turning point.

FIG. 15 shows an inventive 8-ball joint wherein the centre lines L₁₈ of the outer ball tracks 18 are composed of three radii R₁, R₂, R₃, wherein the radii R₁, R₂ adjoin one another via a turning point, whereas the centre lines L₂₀ of the second outer ball tracks 20 are defined by a radius R₅. The second tracks are thus of the same type as the tracks of RF joints.

FIG. 16 shows an inventive 8-ball joint wherein the centre lines of the outer ball tracks 18 are composed of two radii R₂, R₃ and a straight line tangentially adjoining the radius R₂ in the direction towards the aperture, whereas the centre lines L₂₀ of the second outer ball tracks 20 are defined by a radius R₅.

FIG. 17 shows in detail the shape of the first outer ball tracks and of the first inner ball tracks for a 6-ball counter track join according to FIG. 1, with the centre line L₁₈ of the first outer ball track 18 being composed of two radii R₁, R₂ as already described above, and with the centre line L₁₉ of the inner ball track 19 consisting of two radii R_(1′), R_(2′) which are symmetrical relative to the joint centre M. In addition, the Figure shows, in the form of a table, the relationship between the turning point angle α and the track enveloping angle ε for the track 18 in the outer joint part and the track enveloping angle ε′ for the track 19 in the inner joint part. This shows that it is necessary for α>=10° and <=18° to be able to ensure satisfactory enveloping angles ε, ε′.

FIG. 18 shows an inventive 8-ball joint which corresponds to that shown in FIG. 13, with the ball cage 16 additionally being shown in the form of a detail in the cross-sectional view. Furthermore, it can be seen that the cage windows 13 for the first balls 17 ₁ comprise a shorter circumferential length L₁ than the cage windows 24 for the second balls 17 ₂ which comprise a longer circumferential length L₂. The outer ball cage diameter has been given the reference symbol DCA and the inner cage diameter the reference symbol DCI, in both cases with reference to the central plane E in which the ball cage is shown in section. The circumferential width of the cage webs, on the outside, has been given the reference symbol W. The pitch circle radius of the balls in the joint is referred to as PCDE, whereas the insertion aperture for the shaft in the inner joint part comprises a diameter PCDS. In case the connection between the inner joint part 15 and the shaft 22 is produced produced via shaft teeth, said diameter PCDS equals the mean teeth diameter of the shaft teeth in the inner joint part.

FIG. 19, which refers to an 8-ball joint, shows the track centre lines at the outer joint part and at the inner joint part separately. The first outer tracks 18 are composed of the three above-mentioned radii R₁, R₂, R₃, whereas the track centre line of the first inner ball track consists of three identically sized radii R_(1′), R_(2′), R_(3′) positioned symmetrically relative thereto. The two outer ball tracks are composed of the radii R₄ and R₅, whereas the corresponding second inner ball tracks 21, with reference to the joint centre M, comprise radii R₄′, R_(5′) arranged symmetrically relative thereto. The greatest outer diameter of the outer joint part is referred to as OD and the axial length of the inner joint part as L.

FIG. 20 shows a driveshaft incorporated as a sideshaft into a motor vehicle. The figure shows an inventive driveshaft comprising an inventive constant velocity joint 11 in the form of a monoblock joint, furthermore an intermediate shaft 35 and a second constant velocity joint 31 which can also be an inventive joint, more particularly designed identically to the joint 11. The intermediate shaft 35 comprises an axial displacement unit 28 which, as major components, comprises a sleeve 29, a journal 30 and torque transmitting balls operating between the sleeve 29 and the journal 30, but which is not shown in greater detail and which permits an adjustment in the length of the driveshaft between the constant velocity joints 11, 31. The shaft journal of the inventive joint 11 has been inserted into a differential drive 32 and is secured therein, whereas the shaft journal of the second fixed joint 31 has been inserted into a wheel hub assembly 33 with a wheel bearing 34.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

11 constant velocity joint

12 outer joint part

13 base

14 journal

15 inner joint part

16 ball cage

17 ball

18 first outer track

19 first inner track

20 second outer track

21 second inner track

22 shaft

23 cage window

24 cage window

25 joint aperture

β_(max) maximum joint articulation angle

β service life angle

δ opening angle

α turning point angle

T₁₋₂ turning point

L centre line

A longitudinal axis

R radius

E central plane

M joint centre

O axial offset

A radial offset

b radial offset 

1. A constant velocity joint in the form of a counter track joint comprising: an outer joint part comprising a first longitudinal axis (A₁₂) and an attaching end and an aperture end which are axially opposed relative to one another, and first outer ball tracks and second outer ball tracks; an inner joint part comprising a second longitudinal axis (A₂₂) and an attaching mechanism for a shaft pointing to the aperture end of the outer joint part, and first inner ball tracks and second inner ball tracks, the first outer ball tracks and the first inner ball tracks form first pairs of tracks with one another, and the second outer ball tracks and the second inner ball tracks form second pairs of tracks with one another, the pairs of tracks each accommodate a torque transmitting ball; and a ball cage positioned between the outer joint part and the inner joint part and comprising circumferentially distributed cage windows which each accommodate at least one of the balls; wherein, when the joint is in the aligned condition, an aperture angle δ₁ of the first pairs of tracks opens in a central joint plane (E) from the aperture end to the attaching end of the outer joint part; wherein, when the joint is in the aligned condition, an aperture angle δ₂ of the second pairs of tracks opens in the central joint plane (E) from the attaching end to the aperture end of the outer joint part, and wherein central track lines (L₁₈, L₁₉) of the first pairs of tracks each have a turning point (T₁₋₂) and wherein, a center angle (β) from the joint center M to the turning point (T₁₋₂), with reference to the central joint plane (E), is greater than 4°. 2.-35. (canceled) 